By: HEMA D
First thing first. Non-Himachalis, cannot buy land in Himachal. Sorry friends, who thought or were very happy that the Himachal government recently, opened up land in the state to outsiders, would be for a rude shock that the government hasn’t. But, there is still hope as you can buy a flat. But, I repeat, not land.
There was too much of confusion and debate around this topic. So Him Vani thought of getting the air cleared. And so we went ahead and talked to Mr Tara Chand Thakur, Administrative Officer, Himachal Urban Development Authority (HIMUDA) and got the following details:
So first thing first. Why was the world going hung-ho about this all?
- Land has been opened up only for one, industries and two for private builders, and that too only in selected areas in Himachal. And that too, the land would not be in an individual’s name but in the company’s name, only after strict environmental norms and other regulations. In Himachal, the government is giving special consideration for alloting land in areas like Baddi, Parwanoo, Nalagarh and Barotiwala in Solan district; Kala Amb and Paonta Sahib in Sirmour district; Amb and Gagret in district Una; Sansarpur Terrace in district Kangra, for setting up industries, tourism projects and hydel projects (most of them at self identified spots of the companies). So the matter rests here.
- However, there is no “known” upper or lower limt restriction as such set by the government for buying land for the puposes mentioned above.
- But you still have some hope. If you are a non-Himachali, you can buy (mind you) a flat by applying to Himachal Urban Development Authority (HIMUDA). But according to their norms, one family can buy only one flat. (e.g. A husband and wife will be alloted only one flat.)
Now let’s get into a bit of history and know more about the rules and regulations.
- Before the year 1966, there was no bar on non-Himachalis for buying land in Himachal Pradesh. At that time, there was less money in circulation in the economy of Himachal Pradesh. The two basic source of income at that time were government jobs or agriculture and most of the land was being purchased by outsiders. It was during the regime of the then Chief Minister Dr. Y.S. Parmar that ban on land sale to people from outside the state was implemented.
- According to the rules, all those (non-Himachalis) who have settled in Himachal before 1972, do not have to take permission from the government for buying land for residential purpose. But for commercial purposes, like hotel, industry or hydel projects, both non-Himachalis - those staying here before 1972 or thereafter can only get land after their case is approved by the cabinet.
- Every non-Himachali’s case for buying land in Himachal is sent to the cabinet for approval. So real tough to get through.
- In most of the cases it has been seen that the decision to allot land, totally depends upon the discretion of the government. In rare cases, like if a person is serving as a government employee in the state for long, is s/he allowed to buy land.
- Agricultural land can only be sold to a Himcahali agriculturist (strictly). So forget that. But considering the shortage of land in Shimla, there is a proposal for conversion of agricultural land on the outskirts of Shimla for commercial or housing purposes (but decision is still awaited).
For most of these proposals, non-Himachalis can either avail more information from the office of the Deputy Commissioner, Shimla or HIMUDA.
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suggest best place to buy property in himachal- investment point of view
Pls can you tell us what kind of investment you are looking at and your domicile?
Thanks alot for this information, i was really looking for this info and not getting anywhere…i was thinking of calling up HIMUDA when i saw this piece…
good work guys…
this is a very good word done by you guys of Him Vani. Please provide the details of good areas to purchase also. Keep it up.
Dear All,
I tried myself a lot for not jotting anything on this topic but CAN’T really succeed in that…..
I had pointed out a few concerns in my previous mail pertaining to this policy and got the feedback that as Himachalis stays at different parts of India we can’t stop others to stay here.
Common guys; Himachlais– yes 90% of those staying outside are contributing a lot for that place ..they are working there. If HP allows to sell properties to outsiders; these will be no more than a house only meant for:
1. Luxury (One of the additional houses to be used by upper classes from Punjab, Metros etc. their friends…..this might even lower the hotel occupancy in near future). I can visualize a 80% of such vacant apartments hardly used 3-4 times a year by Non Resident Himachlais….I wonder what will be there contributions to HP.
2. Investment (I do not think Himachal Leaders are smart enough to look into the future and make benefits of these investments in long run….the 100% profit will be enjoyed by owner only….)…mind all; we must ensure that the transactions are crystal clear otherwise this scheme may end up very sadly.
I am an Engineer so cant write “journalism friendly” article; although will try to explain my concern through the example below….
If someone among us belongs to SunderNagar (now this NAME is contrary to its meaning)…he/she can give a better idea of changed picture of Sundernagar. This town used to be a center of many traditional activities and was not so tightly constructed. Due to BBMB colony (95% of the officials used to be Punjabis). After retirement they have the privilege to purchase a plot and stay in Himachal…and most of them took this previledge. I came in contact of such families…they hardly have any touchy feeling for HP….they do not want to invest in Himachal…..I feel ashamed when they quote “yaar tuhadi Govt bhi bakwaas haigi…Na inha koal koi schema haigi na hi koi jayada paisa investment vaste….” . …YES many of them have houses in Punjab…..so after their children gets a much better education in Chandigarh etc they do succeed in securing govt jobs in HP being the domicile of HP.
this is a lil scenario only….. ……our ecology is a bit Okay…once this thing started all will try to get a space for luxory…and once started the time is not far when Himachal Govt/ many of us will be addicted to collect the money by selling a piece of our land to outsiders AND we do not have much lands for selling (Plain Plots) and to compete with the persons making riches by selling the land we will be only left to sell our agricultural and other lands by compromising with eco system (Cutting the hillocks and making retaining walls is only the invitation to landslides etc)…..WHAT WILL HAPPEN THEN??????
I always failed to find out a better reason WHY HP should allow outsiders to buy any apartments / land here. We have not allowed any sofar and none objected much to this decision….so lets keep this decision as it is and develop on our own and OFCOURSE the outsiders who want to invest in this progress must be given the privilege to be a Himachali……but the ones who reside outside and want to get an apartment in HP out of curosity, added luxury must not be greeted.
Any Brick Bats…!!!!!
Manish Gupta
From Dubai
I must say that this perception that private builders from “OUTSIDE”
are going to create chaos in our placid state is really not
true.These days its these townships developed by builders which add
value to the place.
An architect by profession,i must admit that most of haphazard
construction in our towns is shear result of negligence of people of
our state who really don’t care to preserve the natural beauty and
tend to occupy every inch of land available land for their own
use.This is visible in every single town of himachal from simla to
dharamsala, everywhere.
Take example of Amby valley, the amount of planning it involves and
everybody has something good to say about it. Chandigarh is a
beautiful example of how a city can be planned in a contemporary way
with so much of green spaces all over.By the way it was planned by
Corbusier,definitely an outsider.
I am sure our govt will take sufficient steps to preseve aesthetics
of himachal and its a good big leap towards development.I am sure
that people in planning dept will ensure that all the locally
available resources and material are best used.
Ashish
Who need such a development where there is nothing but ugly concrete multi story building criss crossing into each other’s teritory. You call this developement ,where these ever growing cities still fall short for evergrowing rush of people to these cities.People come to Himachal to enjoy the stillness in its surroundings, breathtaking beauty scenic velleys, mountains and rivers.outsiders will be outsiders, they care littile to maintain the the serenity and cleanlinesss of of such places,this fact is clear from irrisponsible behavoiur of the tourist who leave so much inorganic waste that is doing irreversible harm to our environment. As per records we already fare well on peoples living std, purchaing power parity and human developement index then those biggies. As far as laws are concerned there are so many loopholes for builder and property developers. They are known for there cunning ways to buy lands at throwaway prices from gullible, unsuspecting farmers and sell them at very high prices.
Just try to think “What diffrentiate us from those so called civilised people who don’t even feel secure inside there houses in broad daylight…”. Let’s not just argue here, lets find out ways, before its too late, to stop the govt. from taking such a foolish step. Otherwise we might be some day telling our kids a story “once upon a time there was a paradise on earth……………………….”
I do understand that we need nice infrastructure; but my MAJOR concerns are the following:
1. The most of the flat purchased by the Outsiders will be for “LUXARY” and holiday inns….
2. These flats shall be purchased mostly as an additional accomodation instead of real need.
3. There will be so many chances of inflations in costs of freehold lands/flats.Govt must ensure that the “Real Estate Agents ” are registerd in HP and are Domicile of HP…..otherwise it will be disaster
4. There are 100% chances that our HP Govt will fail to monitor the trens which as already evident by the “HYDRO-DEVELOPMENT” on BOOT/PPP basis in HP….which might prove to be nothing more than museams…
5. Out of the 100% immigrants to himachal; 15% will be using himachal in their old ages (To enjoy the retired life……etc)..and will hardly contribute much for development …..the balance will purchase the property merely for holidaying during summer and may be a BIG impact on Hotel Industry of HP.
BUT ofcourse we require modern townships in Himachal and govt must ensure that LOCALS get 1st chance with some rebate rather than a person staying in Delhi with 2 Acre of Villa with farmhouse gets a house to breathe “Clean” air once he turn old….
The countries like Dubai etc have opened the Free Hold Sector but they do not allow any one below the age of 22 yrs and above 60 years to purchase such freehold (Only persons who can work are alowed in such places).
Brick bats are welcome…….
HI all
I have been reading this discussion for a long time and have also
had it offline with relatives and friends.
I think what Manish says is right about people buying apartments as
their holiday acco. and also about the luxury as opposed to need
argument.
But what is wrong with that. We move and invest in different places
for different reasons and this is a phenomenon that happens all over
the world. There can’t be restrictions within a country as it just
checks the development of a place. Do you think that before this
people weren’t able to buy land or properties if they wanted to.
They were buying through corrupt means.
We’ve had some healthy comments on this topic. Initially, there was a lot of confusion on the norms laid out by the Himachal government. As the dust settled, it was clear that the government has opened up selling of land to private builders and not for everyone. I think that was our major concern as it would have opened up a can of worms as there are many a small gullible farmers who would have sold off agricultural land. At the same time, while private builders can set up a town in a planned and phased manner, I’m sure there would be environmental norms too that would be followed by the private builders.
However, there are concerns still that who can buy these flats or bungalows being brought up by the private builders? Who’ll set up the markets, hospitals and what effect it would have on real estate? I’m sure that each and everyone in India would want to have a house in Himachal. But that certainly cannot be let to happen as why does one desire in the first place? There is no economics involved here. Just plain desire… peace, tranquility, etc. One I doubt that the whole of India would land up there. But yes, let’s imagine for a while that whole of India lands up there. So who the hell would want to buy land there? Where’s the peace?
Secondly, my biggest scare is that hope this too does not go the tax holiday way for setting up SEZs and inviting industries to set up plants in Himachal. The condition for a tax-holiday was that these industries would employ at least 70 per cent of Himachalis. But rarely are these conditions being followed. Well the industries might question that where’s the skill in Himachal? Well the condition again was that these corporates would provide that training. And while opening up land to private builders speaks well that we do not make Shimla out of other places in Himachal and that haphazard buildings don’t come up and the beauty is not ruined, it is also a concern who’ll buy these flats and buildings? Himachalis? If yes, then I think it’s a good policy to solve the housing problem in Himachal. But now if people from other states are allowed to buy flats in these privately developed towns, it may shoot up the real estate prices that may make these flats out of reach of most of the Himachalis. They’ll be more accessible to Punjabis or people with more disposable income. And mind you we are not anti-nationals here who talk about taking away jobs and flats in Delhi or other metros and not allowing others to enter Himachal. The answer lies why do we need to really leave our state when our home state has enough development? Well that may be wishful thinking for a while.
And allowing people from other states means not only living but pressure on housing, it means shooting up the population as well. It means extra pressure on our infrastructure — roads, highways, hospitals, environment, water, electricity, etc. You may be right in saying that — that’s why we are developing planned towns. But doesn’t that mean pressure on housing as well. But when we speak of pressure on roads that means more traffic on the roads. That means extra vehicles on the roads. That means extra pollution (both air and noise). Well you might say why not? We can have pollution free vehicles? Well let’s not live in a fool’s paradise. That may take a while — may be at least 10 - 15 years if we come out with some pollution free vehicles. Also that means widening of roads. That means felling of trees. For example. There’s a bye pass being built in Shimla to ease traffic in Sanjauli bazaar. And that bye-pass starts from Government College Sanjauli and ends in Dhalli. And I personally can say that hundreds of trees were chopped down to pave way.
And above all that means pressure on agricultural land. Well, I’d ask why do we talk about industrialisation only? Why don’t we talk of strengthening agriculture, horticulture in the state. Is it necessary that the economy of the state has to depend on industries only? Let there be only one industry - tourism. Why cannot we talk about food processing? Why cannot we talk about power projects? And do we really need a BPO in Shimla or any other town in Himachal? I mean, if our agriculture is strong, we can generate employment from that, do we really need BPOs? And BPOs surely can be set. And why cannot the local people set up a BPO then? I’m sure, on this forum, if not all, at least 10 per cent of us here have farming land back in Himachal. And I’m sure that not all that 10 per cent is properly utilising that space. Well, may be it’s time to make proper utilisation of that land. We can give employment to 10 more people there. Well, I think that’s better than a BPO. Well if we are giving examples of countries like the USA, Australia, New Zealand and are open and invite people to live, work and build houses, well I’m sorry folks to say that you are giving wrong examples. These countries rather need people. They need labour - skilled labour, white collared labour, blue collared labour. Their population is very low and fragmented. They rather give incentives to have more children. But in India, ten years ago the slogan was “Hum do hamare do.” Well today the slogan is “One is fun.” For your information, Sushma Swaraj coined that slogan. And we cannot burden ourselves with more population. And some countries mentioned above - add Germany to that - award women who have the maximum number of children.
We are not building up boundaries. And when we talk about states and nationalities let’s leave behind emotions and sentiments. When we talk about the fragile environment, I believe that nature is above me and you and all. And if nature has to be protected, we have to keep that desire intact. What I mean by keeping the desire intact is that right now everyone desires to own a house in Himachal and once it will be opened, no one will desire to have a house there, as no one wants to go to Shimla today. I get a feedback from all people that Shimla is crowded and not worth visiting. So let’s not make a Delhi out of Himachal. Let’s not make a Shimla out of the whole Himachal. Let’s keep that desire intact. We welcome all guests. But then as the old saying goes… Guests are for two days. There after they become pests. Let guests be guests. Let them come back the next year and we’ll welcome them with an open arm. Let them get more guests to our beautiful land. And as asked earlier, are we catering to one’s need or one’s greed? Well that is the inevitable question.
Well, in the end I might just say that why protest after all. Why was there opposition against Ford setting up a skiing village in Manali. He’ll himself leave that place. In ten years, with the changing environment there won’t be any snow at all, so where the hell will he ski? So let him come, only to go. So let everybody come to Himachal. They might just go back one day or may be go to the North East as things might normalise there by that time. Or even J&K, things might normalise there too by that time, Once this place becomes crowded.
Regards,
Surender
i am from bengal and settled in delhi for last two decades. in these years , i have given a lot to delhi and delhi has also given me much.
one should not be paranoid about “outsiders” settling in their state,particularly buying apartments.this adds to the local economy ,sevices,employment. is it bad? yes,it should be regulated and ecology protected.but simply shutting the door to all and sundry won’s help.many of these people willing to have a flat(not necessarily land) are educated and well-to-do people.they are not beggers and are not coming to snatch employment etc. they can actually make the place better if things are regulated properly.this is also better than tourism. as people buy flat etc and live there ,many of them will definitely get attached to the place and will eventually contribute to the state unlike tourists who simply visit places to have fun for a few days.
if you dont allow this-of course with regulations and in a controlled way-people will simply go elsewhere with their money. there are many other beautiful places in india. will that be in the best interests of himachal pradesh?would bangalore would have become today’s bangalore if non-karnatakis were not allowed in? agreed when you open a window,some insects will come in. but keeping it shut because of that is a worse option.
with regards
surajit som
17.9.2006
it is very rediculous that we cant buy a land in manali….
i hope people read the detailed study prepared by amaravati group for their housing complex in baddi. painstaking efforts ,taking everything into considseration,have been taken to develop the area .the private builders are not devils. at the end of day,they may be better than those state-owned builders. just look what is happenning in delhi right now due to government agencies in delhi like MCD ,DDA etc. in contrast ,in delhi ,many ordinary people have seen their investments in properties by private builders treble or quadruple in years in places like gurgaon etc .many of these builders are now building houses in baddi etc.
the tenancy act passed by the HP Government allows outsiders to buy ONLY apartment-that too from licenced builders-it does not allow them to buy LAND. many people dont understand the subtle difference. in armenia-where i lived-non- armenains cant buy land but they can buy any number of apartments.the result is that non-armenains all over the world buy apartments (built by the eartwhile communist goverment) and pour millions of dollars into the armenian economy.without that money armenia would have been much poorer and the real estate market almost dead. this money ,in turn,produces many subsidiary jobs and benefits.but while they invest in apartments,they dont get certain rights which only landowners can get.
in many parts of himachal pradesh ,thousnds of crores of rupees are pouring in for industry,particularly pharmaceutical. but there is no matchning investment in housing .people have to travel everyday from neoghbouring states to work and retrun in the evening . who is going to build houses for them, investment requiring thousands of crores? it is in this perspective the tenancy act,2005 comes into picture. it is an astonishing piece of pragmatism. the “outsiders” invest in housing ,partly solve the housing problem and the state gets thie investment as bonus.at the the same time the “outsiders” dont get the full rights of a landowner (becuse they have no rights to land)!!!!! if the owners dont live there most of the time(as alleged by some) ,it is all the better -less consumption of water,electricity,infrasturcture…. but their investment stays!!!.
by the way there are no reason to believe that these “outsiders ” are all criminals !!!!!
with regards
surajit som
I am NRI intrested to buy land in himachal pardesh for School and for tourist lodge,Can I buy land ,if ican give me advice how i can go about this
BEST REGARDS
ADARSH
bagga.mig.cons@gmail.com
I agree outsider should not be allowed to buy agriculture land in HP. I am an outsider but born and bought up in HP. 25 Years In Himachal and than moved to Mumbai for job. I am married to a Himachali girl. I never felt I am outsider. There are better ways for us to contribute the growth of Himachal as compare to buy the agriculutre land. Let poor farmers who have the land only to survive should be left alone.
I agree with Manish Gupta, but it is odd that in a place like Naldehra the Government has alloted 5 bigas i.e. 3760 Sqm of land to Air Chief Marshal S.K.Sareen. Where are the norms now.
PS Special people special privlages. Saray rules common admi kay liya hai
Hi all ,
I am totally agreed with Vivek Singla about where are the norms now to allot so much of land to ACM S.K.Sareen or it is all big mouth about the rules made and when it comes about some big shot all the rules goes away
What if i am adopted by a himachal family can i than buy a land for a resort or small hotel in himachal pardesh ??
I think the whole issue is against the spirit of democracy in India. If Himachlis can work and buy land and property elsewhere in the country, then why should people from other states not have the same privelege? Development from within amounts to seeing things in a very narrow perspecive.
Take our country as a whole. unless we had FDI (foreign direct investment) could we have hoped for such high national growth rates? Same is the case for a state within the Indian union. Having lived in Himachal many times since 1960, i think on its own and with its apples & torism only, it can do very little. Its a proven fact that development is faster and more spread out if private participation is encouraged in a proper manner. The goverment (state or centre) can never match up to the task as we have seen in India from 1947 till late 80s. So please let us not divide India into accessible and non accessible zones. Its a great country and belive me, no where in the world does one have more freedom than in India. So let us not be narrow minded and establish controls for the sake of controls. If we had allowed Punjabi migrants to settle down in Kashmir after partition, today we may have had a vibrant Kashmir with a good economy and hopefully no (or very little )insurgency.
Please do not blame outsiders for making Himachal a luxury / leisure destination to be used occasionally. Your own people, who have money and connections (mainly politicians, government officials and some individuals) prefer to invest outside the state first and foremost. So if people from outside want to invest, greet them with open arms and let them bring Himachal in main stream of the country’s development. Failing which, even decaded from today, it will be where it is - with only apples and limited tourism to boast of.
Lasdtly let us proudly call ourselves Indians - and consign all other classifications based on language, geographical areas, castes, religions etc to the dustbin. The earlier we do this the better it will be for us and hopefully bring in a better set of politicians too who will be Indians first and any thing else later, if atall.
Himachal Governments double standards on allowing some influential or high ranking individuals to buy land is not surprising.
Basically the local politicians and the limited people with power and money want to keep bulk of the poulation in the state in an ‘as it is’ condition so that the money and power continues in the hands of a few. None of them is interested in the overall development of the state, its only personal interests and goals that are relevant to them.
Himachal’s success can only come with a vibrant tourism and hospitality industry supported by a well planned & focussed non polluting industry in selected areas. Will the local Himachalies achieve this on their own? Not in next few decades atleast.
Its easy to bring in things like democracy and national integration and debate about development of the state.
The problem is these statements look politically correct but in country like India every rule is bent or broken eventually.Everybody wants to come to Himachal,why?There are no places left which are calm tranquil and without problems which rich Indian urban citizen with lot of money wants to settle.
Look at the meagre income of the average Himachli and compare it with the average income of the people of the neighbouring states who can afford to build big villas in Himachal.I have seen and lived the life of big metropoltian cities like Delhi and other places which are nothing but home to the garbage and pollution which no one is able to control.Do we want to make a serene place like himachal to follow such a model.If it is left to happen it will bring nothing but disaster to ecology of the place and put pressures which in the name of development it will eventually not be able to bear.
Unplanned development is what is a problem as is case in Simla which is not even worth visiting today, leave alone living. Rule breaking and corruption is a pan India phenomenon. This is done by local as well outside people equally, may be more by local people in power and with influence. Do you want to keep Himachal insulated from rest of India? Fair enough then rest of India too should keep Himachal people away, its only fair.
Youdo not mind Tibetans making part of Himachal their on back yard with whole lot of very questionable activities in the entire Dharamshala belt. But for fellow Indians , you have different standards. You yourself work and make money outside Himachal but if some body else wants to settle in Himachal you do not approve. That is hypocracy of highest order.
Dear–We all need to grow up. This comes as a very sad note to see–How people of my place feel. If outsiders should be allowed to feel what we see then probaly there should be no FDI allowed in country and this what every investor shall feel for India. Culture, language or society is never built on its own. Trade and culture communication helps us to grow. Yes, but you you are so fanatic about ur idea then please go ahead with your communist ideas and i would love to see mini russia grown in himachal. Please remember, everytime you make these remarks-you are hurting someone as many non-himachalui still live there. Then- stokes is an outsider infact an American–who brought apples. They should be thrown out. Infact all rajputs shopuld be thrown from apple belt becaise they came from Rajasthan. All othet brahmins should also go as they were aryans. who are you? Infact you are nothing–if you do not love ur land and share ur love with others.
hi i am a british citizen and i want to buy land or flat in himachal, but is it possible for a NRI to buy in himachal pardes. i want to make somewhere to stay when i come for a holiday and also some of my relatives live in india.
please can you reply to me with all the information.
thank you
Open your lovely state for all those who intend to live there.Right to move is fundamental human right.With in the Indian state boundries,all citizens and residents have a right to settle anywhere ( they choose to do.).Is HP a part of India? If yes,share the bright future with rest of your fellow countrymen.Do not isolate yourseves.
it is ok if agro land is not for sale to nonhimachali;what for a nonhimachali professional who wants to practice & live there?
For a non-resident Madrasi Himachali what should I do to buy land in Himachal Pradesh.
I am in sync with you Surender sir and other thinkers opposing this.
You have pretty much put all the valid points and irrefutable facts forth …NO OUTSIDERS ,not on land not dangling in air…. Please.
All opposition is based on patriotic jingoism only …to conserve ecologically fragile places and their beauty you have to take some harsh, (it just sounds this way) decisions …that is the only way so be it.
Development is not concrete strctures and polluting industries(move across europe and see how they almost handpick industries mapped to places with least of harakiri to the ecology)…if the govt cannot decide what is the best way going about, it must not destroy what has nature build.
Enough land deeds going on affidavits through land mafia at spiralling rates and gone are the farms and tea gardens rapidly diminshing. Who says you cant but land? you only need to pay….(Whom?) … (how much?)… and….
hi all
if a himachali can buy any kind of property in sourrounding states of hp or any part of the country than why himachal govt has stoped other to buy property in hp.
my point is will it be fair to apply some kind of law to stop himachalies to buy any kind of properties in sourrounding states or any states in india
thanks
any view’s are appriciable
Rules are always for peiople who wants to follow them. If you see yesterday newspaper Punjab Highcourt judge “Yadav” purchased land at solan. This came out due to bribe case. Otherwise there are many such cases where people from outside Himachal have purchased the lands at law abiding people eventhough they are in Himachal from last 40 years can not still buy land. Is it not better to remove this and let the deals happen at actual market price so that seller get benefited.
Government/Individuals should not sell agricultural land for industrial/real estate or any other non-agricultural purposes.
We need food security which has been eluding us for several decades notwithstanding nonstop belching of statistics about food grain production by our Mr. Sharad Pawar.